Commission President
Ursula von der Leyen was re-elected Commission President w…
Ursula von der Leyen was re-elected Commission President with 401 votes, more than expected given the result of the elections to the European Parliament in June which changed the composition of the Parliament in many respects.
The newly elected members of the European Parliament met for the first time this week in Strasbourg and among their first tasks was the election of the Commission President. The European Council had already met before and designated the Estonian Prime Minister Kaja Kallas to become the next High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the elected former Portuguese head of government Antonio Costa as President of the European Council.
The European Parliament kicked things off with the election of its own president. With a large majority (562 out of 623 valid votes), MEPs elected the Christian Democrat Roberta Metsola from Malta. The 45-year-old has held the highest office in the EU in terms of protocol since 2022 and has herself been a member of the European Parliament since 2013. The President of the European Parliament presides over all activities of the plenary, gives the floor to speakers, represents the Parliament externally and signs laws. Metsola wants to campaign for a "strong Parliament" and eliminate the "imbalances between the institutions". Metsola is considered a great supporter of Ukraine and during her first term of office, campaigned for a fair distribution of migrants within the EU, which led to the adoption of the Asylum and Migration Pact in 2024.
The European Parliament moreover elected its 14 Vice-Presidents which together with its president drafts Parliament's budget and sets the agenda. Of the 14 positions, six went to the Social Democrats, three to the EPP, two to the ECR and one each to the liberal Renew Group, the Greens and the Left. The more "right-wing" parties, which had hoped for more seats on the Bureau, were disappointed with the outcome.
On 18 July the eagerly awaited election of the Commission President took place. The European Council nominates the Commission President by qualified majority, whereby, according to the EU Treaty, this must take into account the result of the European elections. In the 2014 European elections, the "Spitzenkandidat principle" was informally agreed between the European parties for the first time, which states that the European Council may only nominate the candidate whose party achieved the best result in the European elections. At that time, the principle was not followed and Ursula von der Leyen was instead elected. She was up for re-election this time.
Not only did Ursula von Leyen have to face the new majority situation in Parliament, but a court ruling on 17 July 2024 also challenged the Commission's decision not to disclose detailed information about the purchase of coronavirus vaccines. The German left-wing lead candidate Fabio di Masi then demanded that Ursula von der Leyen renounce her candidacy. Nevertheless, Ursula von der Leyen was the clear winner in the end. She received 401 votes out of a possible 719. This meant that she not only achieved a better result than in 2019, but also surprised many critics with a clear victory in the first round of voting. In her speech before the election, she pugnaciously emphasized that she wanted to stand by the Ukraine for "as long as necessary" and that her goal is "to build a real European defence". To the surprise of many observers, von der Leyen also spoke out in favour of the approval of e-fuels within the EU for the first time. In her opinion, the political guidelines of the transport regulation should be re-examined. In doing so, she gave way to the conservative parties, who have been calling for this technology for some time now. EPP leader Weber briefly commented on this with the words: "This is the end of the ban on combustion engines after 2035".
As part of her organizational powers, the Commission President directs the work of the Commission and convenes the meetings of the College of Commissioners. The President decides on the areas of responsibility of the Commissioners, which she can also reassign during her term of office. Certain restrictions apply to the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy.
The other members of the European Commission will be selected within the next weeks by its President and needs to be confirmed by the Parliament and accepted by the 27 Member States. The Commission President’s discretion in the selection of the Commissioners and their portfolios is somehow limited by the influence of the Member States. The number of Commissioners is generally set at one Commissioner per country. The High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy is nominated by the European Council, while the other Commissioners are proposed by the national governments of the Member States and nominated by the Council of the European Union by qualified majority. Although the President of the Commission can object to the appointment of a Commissioner, the proposals of the governments are normally discussed beforehand with the country concerned. The Commissioners usually come from the parties that form the governments in their respective countries. The European Parliament questions the candidates individually and issues an opinion in which it can approve or reject the Commission as a whole. After approval by the Parliament, the Commission is appointed by the European Council by qualified majority.
The next few days will show how the positions within the Commission will be distributed. As mentioned, the Estonian Prime Minister Kaia Kallas, who was nominated by the European Council on 28 June 2024, is set to become the EU's foreign policy chief. She is a member of the liberal ReNew Europe group and represents a tough foreign policy stance towards Russia. Virginijus Sinkevicius (Greens/EFA), Janusz Wojciechowski (ERK) and Adina Valean (EPP) will definitely no longer be part of the Commission, as they are all leaving their positions for various reasons. In the course of the new composition of the Parliament, the areas of agriculture, transport and the environment in particular will receive new Commissioners.
Another top EU position was already awarded to the former Portuguese head of government and Social Democrat Antonio Costa. His term of office is two and a half years, but it is customary for a second term to follow.
The defining issues of the next legislative period will be migration, European defense, Ukraine and the Green Deal. The progressive Green Deal program in particular will face major challenges due to the Greens' loss of votes and the strengthening of right-wing parties. It remains to be seen how the future Commission will react to this.
Prof Dr Rainer Bierwagen
Dr Dietmar Reich
Christian Hipp
Gábor Bàthory
